The most recent of these is the 13,800-seat lker Sports Arena, which opened in 2012 as the home court of Fenerbahe's basketball teams. Around 90% of Istanbul's population are Sunni Muslims and Alevism forms the second biggest religious group. Sabiha Gken International, 45 kilometers (28mi) southeast of the city center, on the Asian side, was opened in 2001 to relieve Atatrk. The Istanbul International Music Festival has been held annually since 1973, and the International Istanbul Film Festival has been held annually since 1982. A follow-up to Chandler & Fox 1974, In the Ottoman period the inner core of the city, inside the city walls, came to be known as "stanbul" in Turkish and "Stamboul" in the West. [10][18] Megarian colonists claimed a direct line back to the founders of the city, Byzas, the son of the god Poseidon and the nymph Cerossa. Because of its hilly topography and maritime influences, Istanbul exhibits a multitude of distinct microclimates. [95][106] Snowfall varies widely between years and different areas of the city, with districts facing north more prone to receive snow than southerly ones. [306][309] GSM cellular networks arrived in Turkey in 1994, with Istanbul among the first cities to receive the service. See the Toponomy section of this article, or. [47], The establishment of Constantinople was one of Constantine's most lasting accomplishments, shifting Roman power eastward as the city became a center of Greek culture and Christianity. [327] Trams in Istanbul date back to 1872, when they were horse-drawn, but even the first electrified trams were decommissioned in the 1960s. [148] It was brought from Delphi in 324 CE, during the reign of Constantine the Great, and also erected at the spina of the Hippodrome. [143] Another park, Fethi Paa Korusu, is on a hillside adjacent to the Bosphorus Bridge in Anatolia, opposite Yldz Palace in Europe. Istanbul has more than 93 colleges and universities,[298] with 400,000 students[299] enrolled in 2016. The rents are extremely high. [163] Laws enacted after the Ottoman constitution of 1876 aimed to expand this structure across the city, imitating the twenty arrondissements of Paris, but they were not fully implemented until 1908 when the city was declared a province with nine constituent districts. The feral cats in the city have gained widespread media and public attention and are considered to be symbols of the city. By 500 CE, Constantinople had somewhere between 400,000 and 500,000 people, edging out its predecessor, Rome, for world's largest city. [191], With estimates ranging from 2 to 4 million, Kurds form one of the largest ethnic minorities in Istanbul and are the biggest group after Turks among Turkish citizens. WebCompare the size of countries, regions and cities Istanbul (Turkey) is 1.31 times as big as London (UK) Istanbul (Turkey) No description found. Leonardo da Vinci International Airport [136] However, KozyataAtaehir, Altunizade, Kavack and mraniye, all together having around 1.4 million sqm of class-A office space) are now important "edge cities", i.e. The importance of Constantinople in the Ottoman world was also reflected by its nickname Der Saadet meaning the 'Gate to Prosperity' in Ottoman Turkish. [149] When re-erected at the Hippodrome of Constantinople, the obelisk was mounted on a decorative base, with reliefs that depict Theodosius I and his courtiers. [167][168] The main decision-making body of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality is the Municipal Council, with members drawn from district councils. [210] Sympathetic to the plight of Sephardic Jews, Bayezid II sent out the Ottoman Navy under the command of admiral Kemal Reis to Spain in 1492 in order to evacuate them safely to Ottoman lands. [372], Algal blooms and red tides were reported in Sea of Marmara and Bosporus (especially in Golden Horn), and regularly happen in urban lakes such as Lake Bykekmece and Kkekmece. WebWith a total population of around fifteen million residents in its metropolitan area, Istanbul is one of the world's largest cities by population, standing as the world's fifteenth-largest [290][312] Many of these private hospitals, as well as some of the public hospitals, are equipped with high-tech equipment, including MRI machines, or associated with medical research centers. Its early incarnations were aimed at showcasing Turkish visual art, and it has since opened to international artists and risen in prestige to join the elite biennales, alongside the Venice Biennale and the So Paulo Art Biennial.[248]. Following the model of French cities, this religious system was replaced by a mayor and a citywide council composed of representatives of the confessional groups (millet) across the city. [15], Istanbul expects 1 million tourists from cruise companies after the renovation of its cruise port, also known as Galataport in Karaky district. Over 13.4 million foreign visitors came to Istanbul in 2018, eight years after it was named a European Capital of Culture, making it the world's eighth most visited city. [158] After extensive renovation, it became one of Turkey's first national museums in 1924. Critics have claimed that the bans were in fact due to ideological reasons. [220], Administratively, Istanbul is divided into 39 districts, more than any other province in Turkey. [214][215][216], Politically, Istanbul is seen as the most important administrative region in Turkey. [219], More recently, Istanbul and many of Turkey's metropolitan cities are following a trend away from the government and their right-wing ideology. [291] Hrriyet's English-language edition, Hrriyet Daily News, has been printed since 1961, but the English-language Daily Sabah, first published by Sabah in 2014, has overtaken it in circulation. [10], Over 13.4 million foreign visitors came to Istanbul in 2018, eight years after it was named a European Capital of Culture, making it the world's eighth most visited city. For the purpose of parliamentary elections, Istanbul is divided into three electoral districts; two on the European side and one on the Asian side, electing 28, 35 and 35 MPs respectively. [43] Five years later, Severus began to rebuild Byzantium, and the city regainedand, by some accounts, surpassedits previous prosperity. [158] Topkap Palace became public property following the abolition of monarchy in 1922. Throughout most of its history, Istanbul has ranked among the largest cities in the world. [319] In 2011, the first and second bridges on the Bosphorus carried 400,000 vehicles each day. This was followed by nonobservant people with 26% who identified with a religion but generally did not practise its requirements. From this flagship festival came the International Istanbul Film Festival and the Istanbul Jazz Festival in the early 1980s. [h], The Sinan Erdem Dome, among the largest indoor arenas in Europe, hosted the final of the 2010 FIBA World Championship, the 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships, as well as the 201112 Euroleague and 201617 EuroLeague Final Fours. Xeriscaping of green spaces has been suggested,[129] and Istanbul has a climate-change action plan. Its only cheap for tourists. Mediterranean monk seals were present in Bosporus, and Princes' Islands and Tuzla shores were seal breeding areas during summer, but they have not been observed in Istanbul since the 1960s and thought to be extinct in the region. Istanbul's tallest hill, Aydos, is 537 meters (1,762ft) high.[15]. [76] Modern facilities, such as a water supply network, electricity, telephones, and trams, were gradually introduced to Constantinople over the following decades, although later than to other European cities. [191] Although the initial Kurdish presence in the city dates back to the early Ottoman period,[194] the majority of Kurds in the city originate from villages in eastern and southeastern Turkey. [352] The IATA airport code IST was also transferred to the new airport. [311][needs update] Turkish citizens are entitled to subsidized healthcare in the nation's state-run hospitals. [223] Trade is economically important, accounting for 30 percent of the economic output in the city. [79] A series of wars in the early 20th century, such as the Italo-Turkish War (19111912) and the Balkan Wars (19121913), plagued the ailing empire's capital and resulted in the 1913 Ottoman coup d'tat, which brought the regime of the Three Pashas. [26] The oldest known human settlement on the Asian side is the Fikirtepe Mound near Kadky, with relics dating to c. 5500-3500 BCE (Chalcolithic period). Leaving aboard the British warship HMS Malaya on 17 November 1922, he went into exile and died in Sanremo, Italy, on 16 May 1926. But in the second half of the 20th century, the Asian side experienced major urban growth; the late development of this part of the city led to better infrastructure and tidier urban planning when compared with most other residential areas in the city. [78], Sultan Abdul Hamid II was deposed with the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 and the Ottoman Parliament, closed since 14 February 1878, was reopened 30 years later on 23 July 1908, which marked the beginning of the Second Constitutional Era. [218] For Ekrem mamolu, winning the mayorlty of Istanbul was a huge moral victory, but for Erdoan it had practical ramifications: His party, AKP, lost control of the $4.8billion municipal budget, which had sustained patronage at the point of delivery of many public services for 25 years. [192][193] According to a 2019 KONDA study, Kurds constituted around 17% of Istanbul's adult total population who were Turkish citizens. [95] Considering past data,[124] it is very likely that these two factors are responsible for urban Istanbul's shift, from a warm-summer climate to a hot-summer one in the Kppen climate classification, and from the cool temperate zone to the warm temperate/subtropical zone in the Trewartha climate classification. The city stands on the River Thames in the south-east of Istanbul's foreign population with a residence permit increased dramatically, from 43,000 in 2007[186] to 856,377 in 2019. "The Policy of Mehmed II toward the Greek Population of Istanbul and the Byzantine Buildings of the City." 25.76$ vs 29.44$ WebIstanbul (Turkey) is 2.64 times as big as New York City (US) No description found. [15] Istanbul's shoreline has grown beyond its natural limits. [148] The Roman emperor Constantius II (r. 337361 CE) had it and another obelisk transported along the River Nile to Alexandria for commemorating his ventennalia or 20 years on the throne in 357. [210] Romaniote and Ashkenazi communities existed in Istanbul before the conquest of Istanbul, but it was the arrival of Sephardic Jews that ushered a period of cultural flourishing. [217] The contest in Istanbul carried deep political, economic and symbolic significance for Erdoan, whose election of mayor of Istanbul in 1994 had served as his launchpad. [181], The Turkish Statistical Institute estimates that the population of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality was 15,519,267 at the end of 2019, hosting 19 percent of the country's population. [15], Shipping is a significant part of the city's economy, with 73.9 percent of exports and 92.7 percent of imports in 2018 executed by sea. Mehmed II built the original palace as his main residence and the seat of government. [306][310] Postal services remain under the purview of what is now the Post and Telegraph Organization (retaining the acronym PTT). [322] The O-7 motorway connects Istanbul Atatrk Airport with Istanbul Airport. This reflected its status as the only major city in the vicinity. [341] Most visitors enter Istanbul by air, but about half a million foreign tourists enter the city by sea each year. [42] Byzantium's decision to side with the Roman usurper Pescennius Niger against Emperor Septimius Severus cost it dearly; by the time it surrendered at the end of 195 CE, two years of siege had left the city devastated. [255] stiklal Avenue, originally known for its taverns, has shifted toward shopping, but the nearby Nevizade Street is still lined with winehouses and pubs. Occupation of Istanbul 19181923 The Fourth Crusade was diverted from its purpose in 1204, and the city was sacked and pillaged by the crusaders. Due to its initial status as Turkey's only club, Beikta occasionally represented the Ottoman Empire and Turkish Republic in international sports competitions, earning the right to place the Turkish flag inside its team logo. Apart from the city's numerous stadiums, sports halls and concert halls, there are several open-air venues for concerts and festivals, such as the Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre in Harbiye, Paraf Kurueme Open-Air on the Bosphorus shore in Kurueme, and Parkorman in the forest of Maslak. [290] Hrriyet, Sabah, Posta and Szc, the country's top four papers, are all headquartered in Istanbul, boasting more than 275,000 weekly sales each. Sergius and Bacchus, the Church of Theotokos Pammakaristos, the Monastery of the Pantocrator, the Monastery of Christ Pantepoptes, the Hagia Theodosia, the Church of Theotokos Kyriotissa, the Monastery of Constantine Lips, the Church of Myrelaion, the Hagios Theodoros, etc. [100] Within the city, rainfall varies widely owing to the rain shadow of the hills in Istanbul, from around 600 millimeters (24in) on the southern fringe at Florya to 1,200 millimeters (47in) on the northern fringe at Baheky.
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