Phillip E. Johnson Oberon "Holy revelations Druidman! Taiping Rebellion Definition (1850-1864) Massive rebellion against the Qing led by Hong Xiuquan, who claimed to be the youngest brother of Jesus Christ come to earth to create a "Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace". The group was called "the God Worshippers," which relied on local interpretation of Christianity and sought to eliminate rampant corruption, famine, and abject poverty by establishing a "divine" state in Qing territory. Since the rebellion began in Guangxi, Qing forces allowed no rebels speaking its dialect to surrender. The following poem, titled Poem on Executing the Evil and Preserving the Righteous (), written in 1837 by Hong, illustrates his religious thinking and goal that later led to the establishment of the "Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping". Hong Xiuquan's teachings and the famine sparked a January 1851 uprising in Jintian (now called Guiping), which the government quashed. Juvenal, Hoping is such hard work. [115], According to Clarke the Western missionaries changed their opinions upon further inspections of the rebellion. The Taiping army pressed north into Hunan following the Xiang River, besieging Changsha, occupying Yuezhou, and then capturing Wuchang in December 1852 after reaching the Yangtze River. Wu Kun's troops broke up and became marauding armies such as the Yellow Flag Army led by Huang Chongying () and the Black Flag Army (Chinese: ; pinyin: Hiq Jn; Vietnamese: Qun c en) led by Liu Yongfu. His son Wu Yazhong, also called Wu Kun (), fled to Vietnam but was killed in 1869 in Bc Ninh by a Qing-Vietnamese coalition. [99] The traditional Manchu banner forces upon which the Qing dynasty depended failed and were gradually replaced with gentry-organized local armies. [115] According to Boardman the Christian nature of the Taiping opened up the possibility for a more cooperative trade partnership. Creativity is the greatest rebellion in existence. 720 pages, Hardcover. At its peak, the Taiping Heavenly Army likely fielded approximately 500,000 soldiers, male and female. -Led by Hong Xiuquan who mixed Christianity . See also Hong Daquan's confession claimed that Hong Xiuquan had made him co-sovereign of the Heavenly Kingdom and given him that title, but was more likely an echo of an earlier but unconnected White Lotus Rebellion. The sixteen million of the First World War, over four million in Vietnam, forty million to the Mongol conquests, three and a half million to the Hundred Years War, the fall of Rome took seven million, the Napoleonic Wars took four million, twenty million to the Taiping Rebellion. The rebels were courageous under fire, erected defensive works quickly, and used mobile pontoon bridges. Menu. Rebellion Rebellion Be Yourself Identity Being True To Yourself Pride Freedom Existence Learning Nostalgia Truth Poetry Success Learning Creativity Being Free World God Obedience. Jessica Valenti, And if strict monogamy is the height of all virtue, then the palm must go to the tapeworm, which has a complete set of male and female sexual organs in each of its 50-200 proglottides, or sections, and spends its whole life copulating in all its sections with itself. a rebellion against the Qing government. It was also dismissively referred to as the Red Sheep Rebellion () because "Hong-Yang" sounds like "Red Sheep" in Chinese. [44] Shortly thereafter, the Taiping launched concurrent Northern and Western expeditions, in an effort to relieve pressure on Nanjing and achieve significant territorial gains. Amy Tan's The Hundred Secret Senses takes place in part during the time of the Taiping Rebellion. Zeng's Xiang Army proved effective in gradually turning back the Taiping advance in the western theater of the war and ultimately retaking much of Hubei and Jiangxi provinces. The Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864) was a millenarian uprising in southern China that began as a peasant rebellionand turned into an extremely bloody civil war. They also aided imperial troops in reconquering Taiping strongholds along the Yangtze River. It is no coincidence that Hong Xiuquan and the other Taiping royals were Hakka. W. Somerset Maugham God does not deem you to be lucky or unlucky . When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. [45][46] The former expedition was a complete failure but the latter achieved limited success. However, after 1853 there ceased being many women in the Taiping army. city was occupied by foreign powers, and the country was carved up by In terms of deaths, the civil war is comparable to World War I. The imperial examination (Chinese: ; pinyin: kj; lit. [12], Little is known about how the Taiping referred to the war, but the Taiping often referred to the Qing in general and the Manchus in particular as some variant of demons or monsters (), representing Hong's proclamation that they were fighting a holy war to rid the world of demons and establish paradise on earth. 112 matching entries found. CHINA. [27] In later embellishments, Hong would declare that he also saw Confucius being punished by his celestial father for leading the people astray. Traditionalists in the court, however, led by the empress, blocked this The other significant ethnic group in the Taiping army was the Zhuang, an indigenous people of Tai origin and China's largest non-Han ethnic minority group. Meanwhile, Christian missionaries were active. [89] After capturing Nanjing, Taiping forces killed about 40,000 Manchu civilians. Nationalists as well as the Chinese Communists. One man emerged as the leader of the Taiping Rebellion: Hong Xiuquan. It was weak in the southern regions where local clans dominated. Taiping titles echoed Triad usage, whether consciously or not, which made it more attractive for Triads to join the movement. On the surface, we as American women are independent, free, and mobile, but at our cores we still long for love, friendship, happiness, tranquility, and to be heard. [22][23][24][25] While convalescing, Hong dreamed of visiting Heaven, where he discovered that he possessed a celestial family distinct from his earthly family. ; Affairs at Ningpo Admiral Hope Finds Fault with the Rebels Proceedings of the Insurrectionists Distress at Shanghai How Foreigners are to be Protected", "Western colonialism - The Opium Wars | Britannica", "New Chinese Military History, 18391951: What's the Story? The glorious sword of authority was given by the Lord. | Sitemap |. "[105], Famine, disease, massacres, and social disruption led to a sharp decline in population, especially in the Yangtze delta region. [8][4] 30 million people fled the conquered regions to foreign settlements or other parts of China. Despite this horrific outcome, and the founder's millennial Christian inspiration, the Taiping Rebellion proved motivational for Mao Zedong's Red Army during the Chinese Civil War the following century. Szczepanski, Kallie. While Taiping forces were preoccupied in Jiangsu, Zeng's forces moved down the Yangtze River. Best of 2022 Top 250 Movies Most Popular Movies Top 250 TV Shows Most Popular TV Shows Most Popular Video Games Most Popular Music Videos Most Popular Podcasts. | Contact Us [58] Most of the deaths were attributed to plague and famine. In the summer of 1862, a Western observer noted that rebel factories in Nanjing were producing superior guns including heavy cannon than the Qing. American General Joseph Stilwell, who commanded Chinese troops during World War Two in China, praised Zeng Guofan's campaigns for combining "caution with daring' and "initiative with perseverance. Estimates of the overall size of the Taiping army are around 2,000,000 soldiers. It lasted from 1850 to 1864, although following the fall of Tianjing (now Nanjing) the last rebel army was not wiped out until August 1871. the 1890s, when western-educated bureaucrats and reformers made their Happy to read and share the best inspirational Taiping Rebellion quotes, sayings and quotations on Wise Famous Quotes. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. It abolished private ownership of property, in an interesting foreshadowing of Mao's communist ideology. My voice shakes the east, the south, the Sun, and the Moon. New York: Putnam, 1967. p. 109, Purcell, Victor. ECO 201 - Chapter 2 Thinking like an economist part 2, Unit conversion gizmo h hw h h hw h sh wybywbhwyhwuhuwhw wbwbe s. W w w, CCNA 1 v7.0 Final Exam Answers Full - Introduction to Networks, Chapter 1 - Summary Give Me Liberty! Streams of refugees who entered Shanghai contributed to the economic development of the city, which was previously less commercially relevant than other cities in the area were. Enjoy reading and share 3 famous quotes about The Taiping Rebellion with everyone. First, the Taiping rebellion went on for basically 20 years from when the first shots were fired to when the last remnants were crushed. After moving down the Yangtze River and recapturing the strategic city of Anqing, Zeng's forces besieged Nanjing during May, 1862. There was also a small Taiping Navy, composed of captured boats, that operated along the Yangtze and its tributaries. [10] In the 19th century, Western observers, depending on their ideology, referred to the Taiping as the "revolutionaries", "insurgents" or "rebels". Show more. [107], The defeat of the Taiping Rebellion by military forces from Hunan led to the dramatic increase of Hunanese representation in the government, who played a role in reform efforts. Top Taiping Rebellion Quotes History down through the centuries has proved again and again that there can be but one outcome to a struggle for selfish power against forces fighting to protect and advance human rights. In 1861, around the time of the death of the Xianfeng Emperor and ascension of the Tongzhi Emperor, Zeng Guofan's Xiang Army captured Anqing with help from a naval blockade imposed by the Royal Navy on the city. The Taiping army was the rebellion's key strength. Although keeping accurate records was something imperial China traditionally did very well, the decentralized nature of the imperial war effort (relying on regional forces) and the fact that the war was a civil war and therefore very chaotic, meant that reliable figures are impossible to find. Modern Asian Studies, 138. Socially and economically, the Taiping rebels came almost exclusively from the lowest classes. Ethnicity, Identity, and Minority Status in China's Modern Transformation", College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University, "From Yunnan to Xinjiang:Governor Yang Zengxin and his Dungan Generals", Military Organization and Power Structure of China During the Taiping Rebellion, "Reverend Issachar Jacox Roberts and the Taiping Rebellion", "Christian Influence Upon the Ideology of the Taiping Rebellion", "OUR CHINA CORRESPONDENCE. "What Was the Taiping Rebellion?" After three years of bloody fighting, the Qing government had retaken most of the rebel areas. Collection of top 9 famous quotes about Taiping Rebellion. The sixteen million of the First World War, over four million in Vietnam, forty million to the Mongol conquests, three and a half million to the Hundred Years War, the fall of Rome took seven million, the Napoleonic Wars took four million, twenty million to the Taiping Rebellion. According to P. Richard Bohr, this is a Woodblock print of an unidentified Taiping leader. [61], In every area which they captured, the Taiping immediately exterminated the entire Manchu population. A would-be scholar named Hong Xiuquan, from the Hakka minority, had tried for years to pass the exacting imperial civil service examinationsbut had failed each time. [61] As the Taiping rebellion lost ground, particularly after the fall of Nanjing in 1864, former Taiping soldiers and commanders like Lai Wenguang were incorporated into Nian ranks. [15] Farmers were heavily overtaxed, rents rose dramatically, and peasants started to desert their lands in droves. David Strand, and Ming K. Chan, "Militarism and Militarization in Modern Chinese History". [116] Similarly to McCartee, Hong's director of foreign affairs I. J. Roberts wrote, "His religious toleration, and multiplicity of chapels turns out to be a farce, of no avail in the spread of Christianity worse than useless. [78] Just before his execution, Taiping Loyal King Li Xiucheng advised the Qing to buy, and to learn how to replicate, the best foreign cannon and gun carriages to prepare for war with foreign powers. Li Bo's Tienkuo: The Heavenly Kingdom takes place within the Taiping capital at Nanjing.[112]. Poem on Executing the Evil and Preserving the Righteous. I think that that's what we were trying to do with 'Gigi.'. The Europeans decided to stay officially neutral, though European military advisors served with the Qing army. Trending. empress and the Chinese anti-foreigner rebels. In May 1862, the Xiang Army began directly besieging Nanjing and managed to hold firm despite numerous attempts by the numerically superior Taiping Army to dislodge them. [71] Jonathan Spence claimed that a key reason for the Taiping's defeat was its inability to coordinate its rebellion with other rebellions. Just being yourself, being who you are, is a successful rebellion. They have adhered to the myth out of self-interest and a zealous desire to put down God. "[113], After the conclusion of the Second Opium War, Royal Navy officer Sir James Hope led a expedition to Nanking in February 1861. [68], The other Muslim rebellion, the Dungan revolt, was the reverse: it was not aiming to overthrow the Qing dynasty because its leader Ma Hualong had accepted an imperial title. Some Taiping veterans joined the Revive China Society,[103] whose Christian members organized short-lived Heavenly Kingdom of the Great Mingshun in 1903. Author: D.H. Lawrence. An April 1862 shipment from an American dealer "well known for their dealings with rebels" included 2,783 (percussion cap) muskets, 66 carbines, 4 rifles, and 895 field artillery guns; the dealer carried passports signed by the Loyal King. With no reliable census at the time, estimates of the death toll of the Taiping Rebellion are speculative. [29] It was only then, prompted by a visit by his cousin, that Hong took time to carefully examine Christian pamphlets he had received from a Protestant Christian missionary several years earlier. foundation for successive movements, such as both the Chinese Author: Sunday Adelaja. The truth is that for every Chinese rebellion which succeeds, there are scores which fail - like the Taiping rebellion, led by a man influenced by Christian missionaries, who declared a. 112 matching entries found. [51] Some of his followers escaped or were released and continued the fight against the Qing. Recently, however, scholars such as Tobie Meyer-Fong and Stephen Platt have argued that the term "Taiping Rebellion" is biased because it insinuates that the Qing government was a legitimate government which was fighting against the illegitimate Taiping rebels. [81], A particularly famous imperial force was Zeng Guofan's Xiang Army. On a VERY general level. [97] This resulted in a massive civilian flight and death toll with some 600 towns destroyed[98] and other bloody policies resulting. The rebellion had profoundly weakened the Qing dynasty and laid the Taiping wars also spilled over into Vietnam with devastating effects. [114], The government officials of the Western powers were optimistic about the Taiping government's chance of victory in the early stages. [46][47], In 1853, Hong Xiuquan withdrew from active control of policies and administration to rule exclusively by written proclamations. Contemporary accounts describe the amount of desolation which befell rural areas as a result of the conflict. ", "Taipings and Triads: The Role of Religion in Inter-rebel Relations", "The limits of the Shanghai bridgehead: understanding British intervention in the Taiping rebellion 186062", Comparative Studies in Society and History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taiping_Rebellion&oldid=1134264430, "Taiping [Great Peace] Heavenly Kingdom Movement". THE AWAKENING OF CHINA: 17931949. The sixty million dead overall of the Second World War, including eleven million murdered in the Holocaust. In addition to the main Taiping forces organised along the above lines, there were also thousands of pro-Taiping groups fielding their own forces of irregulars. The conditions that led to the Taiping Rebellion were finally addressed in Taiping Rebellion. Taiping Rebellion. The Taiping Rebellion was inwards many respects the hinge betwixt China's pre-modern together with modern histories. The Taiping Rebellion has been treated in historical novels. Taiping soldiers carried out widespread massacres of Manchus, the ethnic minority of the ruling Imperial House of Aisin-Gioro. Both armies would attempt to push each other off of the battlefield, and though casualties were high, few battles were decisively won. Sarah Ockler, Don't be deceived by the thoughts of obscurity that lingers around your head. During the 19th century, the Qing did not describe the conflict as either a civil war or a movement because doing so would have lent credibility to the Taiping.
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