Impact. Pioneering feminist author, film-maker, and media personality Mary MacLane attained international fame in 1902 with her memoir of three months in her life in Butte, The Story of Mary MacLane. [59], In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917, which was extended by the Sedition Act of 1918. [59] In 191718, due to a miscalculation of Montana's population, about 40,000 Montanans, 10% of the state's population,[59] volunteered or were drafted into the armed forces. [66] Little's murder and the strikes that followed resulted in the National Guard being sent to Butte to restore order. Montana is a mountainous, landlocked US state east of the Bitterroot Range of the Rocky Mountains and south of Canada. The legislature increased the number of justices to five in 1919. The 1889 constitution mimicked the structure of the United States Constitution, as well as outlining almost the same civil and political rights for citizens. Montana currently has 129 active incorporated municipalities, of which 76 are towns, 51 are cities and 2 are consolidated city and county governments. The District Courts suffer from excessive workload, and the legislature has struggled to find a solution to the problem. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres were usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. Other railroads followed suit. [131] The Missouri enters North Dakota near Fort Union,[132] having drained more than half the land area of Montana (82,000 square miles (210,000km2)). Vulnerable Montana senator won't commit to re-election bid: 'Retire or lose' says state GOP. [10] The name Montana was added in 1863 to a bill by the United States House Committee on Territories (chaired at the time by James Ashley of Ohio) for the territory that would become Idaho Territory. Of Montana's House delegates, Jeannette Rankin was the first woman to hold national office in the United States when she was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1916. Its capital is Helena. Most of the eastern part of the state is prairie. Hers was the only vote against the war, and in the wake of public outcry over her vote, Rankin required police protection for a time. There is a single Workers' Compensation Court. Browse by Montana counties. [17] In 1847, Fort Benton was built as the uppermost fur-trading post on the Missouri River. Decisions of the court are appealable directly to the Montana Supreme Court. [73], In the post-World War II Cold War era, Montana became host to U.S. Air Force Military Air Transport Service (1947) for airlift training in C-54 Skymasters and eventually, in 1953 Strategic Air Command air and missile forces were based at Malmstrom Air Force Base in Great Falls. In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and Kootenai people of western Montana, which established boundaries for the tribal nations. [167], The coldest temperature on record for Montana is also the coldest temperature for the contiguous United States. The state spans from below the 45th parallel (the line equidistant between the equator and North Pole) to the 49th parallel, and elevations range from under 2,000 feet (610m) to nearly 13,000 feet (4,000m) above sea level. Montana (/ m n t n / ()) is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States.It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan to the north. The Montana Worker's Compensation Court was established by the Montana Workers' Compensation Act in 1975. Robinson. [12] Cox complained that the name was a misnomer given that most of the territory was not mountainous and thought a Native American name would be more appropriate than a Spanish one. The Democratic Party's strength in the state is gained from support among unionized miners and railroad workers, while farmers generally vote Republican. The first claim by a woman was made near Warm Springs Creek by Gwenllian Evans, the daughter of Deer Lodge Montana pioneer, Morgan Evans. [26], Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for many centuries, were being destroyed. In 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down Montana's judicial nonpartisan election law in American Tradition Partnership, Inc. v. Bullock, 567 U.S. ____ (Sup.Ct. From statehood in 1889 until 1913, Montana was represented in the United States House of Representatives by a single representative, elected at-large. The first schools were subscription schools that typically met in the teacher's home. Flowers native to Montana include asters, bitterroots, daisies, lupins, poppies, primroses, columbine, lilies, orchids, and dryads. [70][71] Air bases were built in Great Falls, Lewistown, Cut Bank, and Glasgow, some of which were used as staging areas to prepare planes to be sent to allied forces in the Soviet Union. [67] In addition, the Council of Defense was made a state agency with the power to prosecute and punish individuals deemed in violation of the Act. On January 15, 1972, a chinook wind blew in and the temperature rose from 54 to 49F (47.8 to 9.4C). The war created a boom for Montana mining, lumber, and farming interests, as demand for war materials and food increased. In the reapportionment following the 1990 census, Montana lost one of its House seats. View Montana Towns By Population. The prohibition on speaking German remained in effect into the early 1920s. census). The US Department of Agriculture approved the first honey bee vaccine to target American foulbrood, an aggressive bacterial disease. Montana is called the Treasure State because of its immense mineral wealth. The Worker's Compensation Court has statewide jurisdiction and holds trials in Billings, Great Falls, Helena, Kalispell, and Missoula. The constitution was narrowly approved, 116,415 to 113,883, and declared ratified on June 20, 1972. [126] The Clark Fork discharges the greatest volume of water of any river exiting the state. East and north of this transition zone are the expansive and sparsely populated Northern Plains, with tableland prairies, smaller island mountain ranges, and badlands. [109] Known as laccoliths, they formed when igneous rock protruded through cracks in the sedimentary rock. [222] Also, 15,438 (1.7% of the state population) were speakers of Indo-European languages other than English or Spanish, 10,154 (1.1%) were speakers of a Native American language, and 4,052 (0.4%) were speakers of an Asian or Pacific Islander language. Montana has only one representative in the U.S. House, having lost its second district in the 1990 census reapportionment. English is the official language in the state of Montana. However, it will get its second district back due to reapportionment following the 2020 census. [323] The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. Sarah Raymond was paid $125 per month, and Mrs. Farley was paid $75 per month. [291] The state has robust recreational lake trout and kokanee salmon fisheries in the west, walleye can be found in many parts of the state, while northern pike, smallmouth and largemouth bass fisheries as well as catfish and paddlefish can be found in the waters of eastern Montana. [210] Each Indian reservation in the state has a fully accredited tribal college. You can make a real difference in the lives of students. Montana Territory became one of the territories of the United States on May 26, 1864. [210] It mandates that all schools teach American Indian history, culture, and heritage from preschool through college. There are also nine other statewide elected offices in the executive branch: Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of State, State Auditor (who also serves as Commissioner of Securities and Insurance), and Superintendent of Public Instruction. Job openings are down from 2,919 in 2022 to 2,700 in 2023, but there are still more openings than in 2021. [93] It contains the state's highest point, Granite Peak, 12,799 feet (3,901m) high. Report to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service", "Montana Shakespeare Company Finds New Home at Helena Civic Center", "UM Climate Expert Says Triple-digit Julys Will Be Norm", "The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010", "In Montana, a Popular Expression Is Taken Off the Endangered List", "Overcast tune named official Montana lullaby", "93rd Annual Crow Fair Celebration Under the Big Sky", "Impacts of Climate Change From 2000 to 2050 on Wildfire Activity and Carbonaceous Aerosol Concentrations in the Western United States", "The Lady Honyocker-How Girls Take Up Claim and Make Their Homes on the Prairie", "National-park visitors boost Montana's tourism stats", "2010 Census Redistricting Data Summary File, Table P1", "Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012", "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin for the United States, States, and Counties: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012", "Bozeman Airport now the Busiest in Montana", "Bridger Bowl, Bozeman Montana ~ Vacation Planning", "Census 201020 Largest Montana Cities, Counties", "Climate of 2007July in Historical Perspective", "Congressional Globe, 38th Congress, 1st session", "Continental Divides in North Dakota and North America", "Cross Country Skiing and Snowshoeing in Yellowstone Yellowstone National Park", "Current List of Eligible EAS Communities", "Davis Finds Joy, Value in Being Technical Specialist", "Demographic and Economic Profile: Montana", "Detailed Waterbody Report-Bighorn River", "Detailed Waterbody Report-Boulder River", "Detailed Waterbody Report-Clark Fork River", "Detailed Waterbody Report-Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone", "Detailed Waterbody Report-Kootenai River", "Detailed Waterbody Report-Musselshell River", "Detailed Waterbody Report-Stillwater River", "Dry Farming in the North Central Montana "Triangle", "Elevations and Distances in the United States", "Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site Cowboys and Cattlemen", "Great Seal, Montana Code Annotated: 1-1-501", "History and Preservation The Montana Historical Society: Montana's Museum", "Hmong Qeej Music: Tou Yang Mai K. Moua, Missoula", "Indian Education for All Montana Indians: Their History and Location", "John Misha Petkevich Bio, Stats, and Results", "Local Television Market Universe Estimates", "Montana Access Guide to State and Federal Lands", "Montana Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA) Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas", "Montana Legislature 63rd SessionMajority and Minority Party Numbers 1889Present", "Paddling Montana: Yellowstone River ~~ Excerpted from Paddling Montana by Hank Fisher", "Population and Population Centers by State: 2000", "Population of Gallatin County, Montana: Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map", "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010", "Property Tax Liability, Billing and Collection", "Resident Population Data (Text Version)", "Saskatchewan River-From Glaciers to Grasslands", "Schweitzer Could Win Sen. nom in '14 but Maybe not MT in '16", "Selected Social Characteristics in the United States. The table below lists average temperatures for the warmest and coldest month for Montana's seven largest cities. [63], The Montanans who opposed U.S. entry into the war included immigrant groups of German and Irish heritage, as well as pacifist Anabaptist people such as the Hutterites and Mennonites, many of whom were also of Germanic heritage. 1 bath. Mountain ranges can accumulate 300 inches or 7.62 meters of snow during a winter. Between 1988 and 2006, the pattern flipped, with voters more likely to elect conservatives to federal offices. [131] The stretch of river between Fort Benton and the Fred Robinson Bridge at the western boundary of Fort Peck Reservoir was designated a National Wild and Scenic River in 1976. [297][298] Montana's largest circulating daily city newspapers are the Billings Gazette (circulation 39,405), Great Falls Tribune (26,733), and Missoulian (25,439).[299]. [33][34] The Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in Deer Lodge is maintained today as a link to the ranching style of the late 19th century. [316] It is an equitable distribution and no-fault divorce state. Montana has thousands of named rivers and creeks,[119] 450 miles (720km) of which are known for "blue-ribbon" trout fishing. The largest denominations in Montana as of 2010 were the Catholic Church with 127,612 adherents, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with 46,484 adherents, Evangelical Lutheran Church in America with 38,665 adherents, and nondenominational Evangelical Protestant with 27,370 adherents. Ninety percent of its language came from an 1884 constitution which was never acted upon by Congress for national political reasons. [204] Today, the Missoula area has a large Hmong population[205] and the nearly 3,000 Montanans who claim Filipino ancestry are the largest Asian-American group in the state. Montana (/mntn/ (listen)) is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States. Montana (/ m n t n / ()) is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States.It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan to the north. The Anaconda Copper Company, which was at its historic peak of copper production,[64] was an extremely powerful force in Montana, but it also faced criticism and opposition from socialist newspapers and unions struggling to make gains for their members. All members are limited to serving no more than eight years in a single 16-year period. MONTANA: 2020 Census Montana Population Topped the 1 Million Mark in 2020 August 25, 2021 Written by: America Counts Staff America Counts today launches a state-by-state look at the demographic changes the new 2020 Census results reveal. The students were Indian children and the children of Fort Owen employees. [171], Average annual precipitation is 15 inches (380mm), but great variations are seen. According to the Pew Research Center in 2014, the religious affiliations of the people of Montana were predominantly Christian; in the state, Christianity was 65% of the total adult population. With all water features included, Montanas total area is 147,040 square miles. Montanas Official Tourism, Travel & Vacation Info Site If the horizon was endless, where would you go? Land United States: The northern Mountain region Montana The western two-fifths of Montana falls within the Rocky Mountains, and the eastern three-fifths lies upon the Great Plains. Montana is one of the best spots in North America for seeing wildlife. [133] Other major Montana tributaries of the Missouri include the Smith,[134] Milk,[135] Marias,[136] Judith,[137] and Musselshell Rivers. Essential Montana Stay A mix of the charming, modern, and tried and true. Intercity bus service in Montana is provided by Jefferson Lines and Express Arrow. [201] The state's seven reservations include more than 12 distinct Native American ethnolinguistic groups. [281] There are 24 areas where snowmobile trails are maintained, most also offering ungroomed trails. 1675 Montana Highway 206, Columbia Falls, MT 59912. [77] Most of Montana's hundred or more named mountain ranges are in the state's western half, most of which is geologically and geographically part of the northern Rocky Mountains. In December 1959, Malmstrom AFB was selected as the home of the new Minuteman I intercontinental ballistic missile. The wheat farms in eastern Montana make the state a major producer; the wheat has a relatively high protein content, thus commands premium prices. The Continental Divide has a considerable effect on the climate, as it restricts the flow of warmer air from the Pacific from moving east, and drier continental air from moving west. [45], In the early 1900s, James J. Hill of the Great Northern began to promote settlement in the Montana prairie to fill his trains with settlers and goods. Six of Montana's smaller four-year schools are members of the Frontier Conference. [41] In the 1880s, Helena (the state capital) had more millionaires per capita than any other United States city. District Courts have jurisdiction primarily over most civil cases, cases involving a monetary claim against the state, felony criminal cases, probate, and cases at law and in equity. [72] Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus announced on September 3, 2015, that Virginia Class attack submarine SSN-794 will become the second commissioned warship to bear the name. [90][125] The Pend Oreille River forms the outflow of Lake Pend Oreille. The western half of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges, while the eastern half is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands, with smaller mountain ranges found throughout the state. It has a single judge, appointed by the governor. [285] Equestrian skijoring has a niche in Montana, which hosts the World Skijoring Championships in Whitefish as part of the annual Whitefish Winter Carnival. Its capital is Helena. The U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management controls 8,100,000 acres (33,000km2) of federal land. There are 18 departments and offices which make up the executive branch: Administration; Agriculture; Auditor (securities and insurance); Commerce; Corrections; Environmental Quality; Fish, Wildlife & Parks; Justice; Labor and Industry; Livestock; Military Affairs; Natural Resources and Conservation; Public Health and Human Services; Revenue; State; and Transportation. [172][174] Winters are warmer, too, and have fewer cold spells. Major events include: There are no major league sports franchises in Montana due to the state's relatively small and dispersed population, but a number of minor league teams play in the state. The treaty was ratified in 1859. It allowed the legislature to increase the number of justices by two, which the legislature did in 1979. Image: pxfuel 1. Montana and Canada share a 545-mile part of the worlds longest undefended (which means there are no soldiers or armies on either side) border. Montana is one of the best spots in North America for seeing wildlife. Lewistown is also surrounded by five mountain ranges. The latest resources and information from the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services can be found below. This extremely disproportionate ratio of residents paying taxes vs. non-residents using state-funded services and infrastructure makes Montana's resort tax crucial in order to safely maintain heavily used roads and highways, as well as protect and preserve state parks. [169][verification needed] The variation in geography leads to great variation in temperature. This act brought mostly cattle and sheep ranchers into Montana, many of whom grazed their herds on the Montana prairie for three years, did little to irrigate the land and then abandoned it without paying the final fees. However, the 1889 Montana constitution significantly restricted the power of state government, the legislature was much more powerful than the executive branch, and the jurisdiction of the District Courts very specifically described. [48] This combination of advertising and changes in the Homestead Act drew tens of thousands of homesteaders, lured by free land, with World War I bringing particularly high wheat prices. Montana and Canada share a 545-mile part of the worlds longest undefended (which means there are no soldiers or armies on either side) border. [315], Montana has three branches of state government: legislative, executive, and judicial. Montana's at-large congressional district holds the largest population of any district in the country, which means its one member in the House of Representatives represents more people than any other member of the U.S. House (see List of U.S. states by population). Glendive, Great Falls, Havre City, Lewis Town, and Miles City are located east of the Continental Divide and experience a semi-arid steppe climate. Eastern Montana . Image: pxfuel 1. Read on for our top 15 places to visit in Montana in 2022. Montana's fastest-growing sector is tourism, with 12.6 million tourists (as of 2019) visiting the state each year. From 1968 through 1988, the state was dominated by the Democratic Party, with Democratic governors for a 20-year period, and a Democratic majority of both the national congressional delegation and during many sessions of the state legislature. Montana is the only state in the union without a modern naval ship named in its honor. [168], Average daytime temperatures vary from 28F or 2.2C in January to 84.5F or 29.2C in July. For other uses, see, "Montanan" redirects here. Population (2020) 1,084,225. Brokered by 4 Seasons Real Estate. )", "National Vital Statistics Reports, Volume 66, Number 1, January 5, 2017", "National Vital Statistics Reports Volume 67, Number 1, January 31, 2018", "National Vital Statistics Reports Volume 67, Number 8, November 7, 2018", "The Association of Religion Data ArchivesMaps & Reports", "MONTANA HISTORY ALMANAC: First school opens doors in Virginia City", Montana High School Association-Football 2013, "Beef Trail Ski Area: A Montana Original", "2017 Economic Contribution and Industry-Client Analysis", National Park Service-Yellowstone in Winter 2013, "National Center for Health Statistics Suicide Mortality by State", "National Center for Health Statistics Montana", "worldpopulationreview.com/states/suicide-rates-by-state/", Proposed 1972 Constitution for the State of Montana: Official Text With Explanation, 1972Current Historical Constitutional Initiatives and Constitutional Amendments, "Utah Dept of Alcoholic Beverage Control", "Rapid population growth gives Montana 2nd US House seat", "RANKIN, Jeannette | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives", "Presidential General Election Results Comparison Montana", "Congressional Apportionment: 2010 Census Briefs", "Cost of Voting in the American States: 2020", "Gross Domestic Product by State Advance Statistics for 2010 and Revised Statistics for 20072009", "Billings Logan International Remains Busiest in Montana", "Forest Service Finds Varied Beetle Activity", "Resources for Working With the Indigenous Languages of North America and the Pacific Islands", "U.S. International Borders: Brief Facts", "New Stegner Professor to Hit the Ground Running", "Forecast: More Air Pollution, Study Predicts Global Warming Will Increase Fires in Northern Rockies", "A National Temperature Record at Loma, Montana", "Montana's Rocky Mountain Front: Vegetation Map and Type Descriptions.
Bonnie Haydon,