FIRE DEPT. All three of these people had motive to have Philip murdered. They refused to be sent away and criticized his adoption of Persian customs and dress and the introduction of Persian officers and soldiers into Macedonian units. Any other answer would cause the mermaid to turn into a raging Gorgon who would drag the ship to the bottom of the sea, all hands aboard. In 335 BC, shortly after his assumption of kingship over Macedon, he campaigned in the Balkans and reasserted control over Thrace and Illyria before marching on the city of Thebes, which was subsequently destroyed in battle. It is one of a group of disorders, called leukodystrophies, that involve the destruction of myelin. Gender: Alexander is frequently used as a boy name. Its meaning is derived from the components alexo (I defend) and aner (man). Alexander the Great, also known as Alexander III or Alexander of Macedonia is known as one of the greatest generals in all history. ABOUT US; CONTACT US; CITY BOARDS; NEWS & EVENTS. More. [223] Nevertheless, Plutarch described how Alexander was infatuated by Roxana while complimenting him on not forcing himself on her. With Anthony Hopkins, David Bedella, Jessie Kamm, Angelina Jolie. WebFind your Area of Focus. [29], At the age of 16, Alexander's education under Aristotle ended. GERIN Dominique, GRANDJEAN Catherine, AMANDRY Michel, DE CALLATAY Franois, La monnaie grecque, "L'Antiquit: une histoire", Ellipse, 2001. p117-119. FIRE DEPT. NVIDIA products provide our clients with more than just the performance they demand - NVIDIA goes above and beyond with an entire ecosystem of software, drivers, and features such as DLSS, Reflex, NVIDIA Broadcast, and more. At which Alexander reproachfully insulted over him: "See there," said he, "the man who makes preparations to pass out of Europe into Asia, overturned in passing from one seat to another. Philip then returned to Elatea, sending a final offer of peace to Athens and Thebes, who both rejected it. Fearing the prospect of facing other large armies and exhausted by years of campaigning, Alexander's army mutinied at the Hyphasis River (Beas), refusing to march farther east. Having damaged the enemy's cohesion, Philip ordered his troops to press forward and quickly routed them. There have been, since the time, many suspicions that Pausanias was actually hired to murder Philip. WebAlexander Colleges student information system is called MyAC. HOME. [161], Several natural causes (diseases) have been suggested, including malaria and typhoid fever. [304] His court historian Callisthenes portrayed the sea in Cilicia as drawing back from him in proskynesis. Alexander immediately headed south. The Smyrnaeans sent ambassadors to the oracle at Clarus to ask about this, and after the response from the oracle they decided to move to the "new" city. Their works are lost, but later works based on these original sources have survived. [63][64] At first, all went well. While there, he encountered a statue of Alexander the Great, and realised with dissatisfaction that he was now at an age when Alexander had the world at his feet, while he had achieved comparatively little. Aelian writes of Alexander's visit to Troy where "Alexander garlanded the tomb of Achilles, and Hephaestion that of Patroclus, the latter hinting that he was a beloved of Alexander, in just the same way as Patroclus was of Achilles. Buy Now. Sometime after the wedding, Philip is said to have seen himself, in a dream, securing his wife's womb with a seal engraved with a lion's image. [61] While the other cities again hesitated, Thebes decided to fight. [42] Philip exiled four of Alexander's friends, Harpalus, Nearchus, Ptolemy and Erigyius, and had the Corinthians bring Thessalus to him in chains. The Hellenistic period developed through the Roman Empire into modern Western culture; the Greek language became the lingua franca of the region and was the predominant language of the Byzantine Empire up until its collapse in the mid-15th century AD. [142] Alexander admired Cyrus the Great, from an early age reading Xenophon's Cyropaedia, which described Cyrus's heroism in battle and governance as a king and legislator. Alexander III 'the Great'. [76] After three unsuccessful assaults, the stronghold fell, but not before Alexander had received a serious shoulder wound. Alexander of Aphrodisias. Alexander I, Russian in full Aleksandr Pavlovich, (born December 23 [December 12, Old Style], 1777, St. Petersburg, Russiadied December 1 [November 19], 1825, Taganrog), emperor of Russia (180125), who alternately fought and befriended Napoleon I during the Napoleonic Wars but who ultimately (181315) helped form the With his death marking the start of the Hellenistic period, Alexander's legacy includes the cultural diffusion and syncretism that his conquests engendered, such as Greco-Buddhism and Hellenistic Judaism. CITY COUNCIL / PLANNING & ZONING. [14], On the day Alexander was born, Philip was preparing a siege on the city of Potidea on the peninsula of Chalcidice. The Alexander Romance, in particular, has had a significant impact on portrayals of Alexander in later cultures, from Persian to medieval European to modern Greek. [234], Alexander married three times: Roxana, daughter of the Sogdian nobleman Oxyartes of Bactria,[235][236][237] out of love;[238] and the Persian princesses Stateira and Parysatis, the former a daughter of Darius III and the latter a daughter of Artaxerxes III, for political reasons. [228][229], He appears to have believed himself a deity, or at least sought to deify himself. He continued the tradition of writing close commentaries on Aristotles work established in the first century BCE by Alexander proceeded to take possession of Syria, and most of the coast of the Levant. He then continued south towards the Peloponnese. Alexander: Directed by Oliver Stone. Campaigning against the Greek city of Perinthus, Alexander reportedly saved his father's life. He appointed Porus as satrap, and added to Porus's territory land that he did not previously own, towards the south-east, up to the Hyphasis (Beas). [b] After the fall of Persia, the Macedonian Empire held a vast swath of territory between the Adriatic Sea and the Indus River. ABOUT US. See All With Anthony Hopkins, David Bedella, Jessie Kamm, Angelina Jolie. First published Mon Oct 13, 2003; substantive revision Thu Jan 19, 2017. ", In 337 BC, Alexander fled Macedon with his mother, dropping her off with her brother, King Alexander I of Epirus in Dodona, capital of the Molossians. Following his conquest of Asia Minor, Alexander broke the power of Achaemenid Persia in a series of decisive battles, including those at Issus and Gaugamela; he subsequently overthrew Darius III and conquered the Achaemenid Empire in its entirety. Vocabulary. Alexander of Aphrodisias. He invited the chieftains of the former satrapy of Gandhara (a region presently straddling eastern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan), to come to him and submit to his authority. [81] The Greeks interpreted this message - one that the gods addressed to all pharaohs - as a prophecy.[78]. Perhaps taking his summons to Babylon as a death sentence[153] and having seen the fate of Parmenion and Philotas,[154] Antipater purportedly arranged for Alexander to be poisoned by his son Iollas, who was Alexander's wine-pourer. [162], Alexander's body was laid in a gold anthropoid sarcophagus that was filled with honey, which was in turn placed in a gold casket. Julius Caesar went to serve his quaestorship in Hispania after his wife's funeral, in the spring or early summer of 69 BC. [13] Plutarch stated that Philip, overjoyed at this display of courage and ambition, kissed his son tearfully, declaring: "My boy, you must find a kingdom big enough for your ambitions. [263][264][265], Libanius wrote that Alexander founded the temple of Zeus Bottiaios (Ancient Greek: ), in the place where later the city of Antioch was built. [141] In an attempt to craft a lasting harmony between his Macedonian and Persian subjects, Alexander held a mass marriage of his senior officers to Persian and other noblewomen at Susa, but few of those marriages seem to have lasted much beyond a year. Biology. He founded more than twenty cities, with the most prominent being the city of Alexandria in Egypt. Its finely-grained structure lends a smooth, rich, beefy flavor. "[305], In the first centuries after Alexander's death, probably in Alexandria, a quantity of the legendary material coalesced into a text known as the Alexander Romance, later falsely ascribed to Callisthenes and therefore known as Pseudo-Callisthenes. [298] Pliny the Elder adds that the planned distance was 12 kilometres (7.5mi), and the purpose was to cut a canal through the isthmus to connect the Caystrian and Hermaean bays. [196] At the decisive encounter with Darius at Gaugamela, Darius equipped his chariots with scythes on the wheels to break up the phalanx and equipped his cavalry with pikes. [67] In the following year, 332BC, he was forced to attack Tyre, which he captured after a long and difficult siege. Brauer, G. (1967). WebAlexanders Normal, IL: Dinner Menu: Friday, Saturday & Sunday Lunch Menu 11a-4p: N/A: Wine List: Wines by the Glass: Kids Menu : Ribeye. Buy Now. Alexander endeavored to reach the "ends of the world and the Great Outer Sea" and invaded India in 326 BC, achieving an important victory over Porus, an ancient Indian king of present-day Punjab, at the Battle of the Hydaspes. After the death of Spitamenes and his marriage to Roxana (Raoxshna in Old Iranian) to cement relations with his new satrapies, Alexander turned to the Indian subcontinent. [78] Alexander restored the temples neglected by the Persians and dedicated new monuments to the Egyptian gods. [153] His extraordinary achievements, coupled with his own ineffable sense of destiny and the flattery of his companions, may have combined to produce this effect. This included commissioning sculptures by Lysippos, paintings by Apelles and gem engravings by Pyrgoteles. [11] Although Philip had seven or eight wives, Olympias was his principal wife for some time, likely because she gave birth to Alexander. [140], After three days, unable to persuade his men to back down, Alexander gave Persians command posts in the army and conferred Macedonian military titles upon Persian units. [94], Alexander then chased Darius, first into Media, and then Parthia. [279][281][282] The Yavanajataka (lit. [167][168] According to Aelian, a seer called Aristander foretold that the land where Alexander was laid to rest "would be happy and unvanquishable forever". However, the infantry, under the command of Meleager, rejected this arrangement since they had been excluded from the discussion. How Rome Fell: death of a superpower. Conquest of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, Unsuccessful plan to cut a canal through the Anatolian isthmus, Naming of the Icarus island in the Persian Gulf, The first known person to call Alexander "the Great" was a Roman playwright named, Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila S. (2009), A History of Macedonia: Volume III: 336167 B.C. [211] However, some have denied this claim as being used to emphasise the otherworldly and heroic qualities of Alexander. He had a great desire for knowledge, a love for philosophy, and was an avid reader. [57] The Macedonians marched into the country of the Triballi, and defeated their army near the Lyginus river[58] (a tributary of the Danube). Alexander was the son of King Philip II of Macedonia, a realm north of Greece. [108], Later, in the Central Asian campaign, a second plot against his life was revealed, this one instigated by his own royal pages. He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military There, his closest friend, Hephaestion, died of illness or poisoning. As a young boy, Alexander was taught to read, write, and play the lyre. Athens sued for peace and Alexander pardoned the rebels. [216], Alexander's legacy extended beyond his military conquests, and his reign marked a turning point in European and Asian history. Due to the demand of his homesick troops, he eventually turned back at the Beas River and later died in 323 BC in Babylon, the city of Mesopotamia that he had planned to establish as his empire's capital. [36][37], When Philip returned to Pella, he fell in love with and married Cleopatra Eurydice in 338 BC,[38] the niece of his general Attalus. The successor states that emerged were, at least initially, dominant forces, and these 300years are often referred to as the Hellenistic period. [146] There are two different versions of Alexander's death, differing slightly in details. [34], After the victory at Chaeronea, Philip and Alexander marched unopposed into the Peloponnese, welcomed by all cities; however, when they reached Sparta, they were refused, but did not resort to war. He developed a life-long love of reading and Thus, in Bactria and Sogdiana, Alexander successfully used his javelin throwers and archers to prevent outflanking movements, while massing his cavalry at the center. In 334 BC, he invaded the Achaemenid Persian Empire and began a series of campaigns that lasted for 10 years. [214], Both of Alexander's parents encouraged his ambitions. [297], Pausanias writes that Alexander wanted to dig through the Mimas mountain (in today's Karaburun area), but didn't succeed. He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military Alexander moved back and forth between Detroit's active roster and practice squad over the first half of the season. [102] The latter were in many cases additionally connected through marriage alliances with the royal Achaemenid family. [258], The eastern borders of Alexander's empire began to collapse even during his lifetime. Trending. [177][178][179] In addition, Leosthenes, also, likened the anarchy between the generals, after Alexander's death, to the blinded Cyclops "who after he had lost his eye went feeling and groping about with his hands before him, not knowing where to lay them". [42] He continued to Illyria,[42] where he sought refuge with one or more Illyrian kings, perhaps with Glaukias, and was treated as a guest, despite having defeated them in battle a few years before. WebAlexander Colleges student information system is called MyAC. [102] The Greeks however regarded the gesture of proskynesis as the province of deities and believed that Alexander meant to deify himself by requiring it. [133], Alexander tried to persuade his soldiers to march farther, but his general Coenus pleaded with him to change his opinion and return; the men, he said, "longed to again see their parents, their wives and children, their homeland". Its meaning is derived from the components alexo (I defend) and aner (man). [120], The fort of Massaga was reduced only after days of bloody fighting, in which Alexander was wounded seriously in the ankle. AFTERSHOCK T-SHIRT $36.00. Persian coins continued to circulate in all the satrapies of the empire.[119]. He is described as having one eye light and one eye dark. [42] Olympias and several of Alexander's friends suggested this showed Philip intended to make Arrhidaeus his heir. Several fictitious letters, some perhaps based on actual letters, made their way into the Romance tradition. [155] However, in a 2003 BBC documentary investigating the death of Alexander, Leo Schep from the New Zealand National Poisons Centre proposed that the plant white hellebore (Veratrum album), which was known in antiquity, may have been used to poison Alexander. WebAlexander (2004) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. Alexanders father, Philip II of Macedon, hired Aristotle, one of historys greatest philosophers,, to educate the 13-year-old prince. "[263] This inscription is one of the few independent archaeological discoveries confirming an episode from Alexander's life. Origin: The name Alexander is the Latin form of the Greek name Alexandros. Trending. HOME. [62] The one exception was a call to arms by Spartan king Agis III in 331BC, whom Antipater defeated and killed in the battle of Megalopolis. [216] She instilled a sense of destiny in him,[218] and Plutarch tells how his ambition "kept his spirit serious and lofty in advance of his years". Alexander then led the League of Corinth, and used his authority to launch the pan-Hellenic project envisaged by his father, assuming leadership over all Greeks in their conquest of Persia.[5][6]. [107], The foundation of the "new" Smyrna was also associated with Alexander. Buy Now. Starting from Amphipolis, he travelled east into the country of the "Independent Thracians"; and at Mount Haemus, the Macedonian army attacked and defeated the Thracian forces manning the heights. [152], The strongest argument against the poison theory is the fact that twelve days passed between the start of his illness and his death; such long-acting poisons were probably not available. [319], In the Greek Anthology, there are poems referring to Alexander.[320][321]. [107] The cities' locations reflected trade routes as well as defensive positions. NVIDIA products provide our clients with more than just the performance they demand - NVIDIA goes above and beyond with an entire ecosystem of software, drivers, and features such as DLSS, Reflex, NVIDIA Broadcast, and more. This so irritated Alexander, that throwing one of the cups at his head, "You villain," said he, "what, am I then a bastard?" [192] The Macedonian phalanx, armed with the sarissa, a spear 6 metres (20ft) long, had been developed and perfected by Philip II through rigorous training, and Alexander used its speed and manoeuvrability to great effect against larger but more disparate Persian forces. Communications. [233] Thus, rather than megalomania, his behaviour may have been a practical attempt at strengthening his rule and keeping his empire together.
Southern Miss Football Tryouts 2022,
Nova Southeastern University Tampa Dpt,
Wes Bergmann House,
Brendan Fraser Bedford, Ny,